Electrical heater



Nov., my W24. LSHSJEQ E. E. CLEMENT ELECTRI CAL HEATER Filed May 13, 192i 2 Shees-Sheet., 2

Patented Nov'. 18, 1924.

EDWARD E. CLEMENT, OF OCEAN CITY, NEW JERSEY.

ELECTRICAL HEATER.

-Application filed May 13,

To all wlmi/1 if may concern.'

Be it. known that l, EDWARD E. CLEMENT, 'a citizen of the United States of 'Ame-rica., residing at Ocean City, in the county of Cape May and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electrical Heaters, of which the Ifollowing is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

My invention relates to electrical heaters and has for its object the production of a self-contained heat unit with a wide range of adaptability and especially useful for heating fluids.l

The invention comprises a transformerwith a primary energizing winding, a mass of carbon forming a closed seconda-ry conductor, and a closed magnetic circuit through said primary and secondary.

My invention is illustrated in t-he accompanying drawings in which,

Fig. 1- is a vertical axial section through a form of heater unit particularly adapted for relatively low temperatures;

Fig. 2 is a section on the line Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a section similar to Fig. 2l showing a modified form of openings in the heating mass;

Fig. 4 shows the device of Fig. 1 applied to the heating of a liquid;

Fig. 5 is a horizontal section thiough a modified form of unit specially adapted for high temperatures; and I Figs. 6 and 7 are vertical sections on the lines m--m and y-y, respectively, of Fig. 5.

Referring first .to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, 1 is the energizing or primary Winding having terminals 2 and 3 led through an iron pipe 4 secured to the outside jacket 5. 6 is a mass of carbon in the lform of a cylinder having a central opening 7 to receive the subdivided iron core 8, and a plurality of channels 9 to permit circulation of the Huid to be heated. Figs. 1 and 2 show these channels in one form and Fig. 3 in another. Any suitable form may be employed which leaves sufficient mass to carry the heating current, and exposes sufficient surface to carry away the heat efficiently. The core 8, jacket 5 and heads 10 and 1l, all laminated or subdivided soft iron, form a closed magnetic circuit, the heads Ain Fig. 1 being perforated at 12 over the channels 9.

To protect the conductors leading current 1921. Serial No. 469,220.

to the energizing winding 1, I have indicated in Figs. 1 and 4 a pipe 4, through which the conductors 2 and 8 are led. A similar pipe 14 contains conductors 15e-1G leading from suitable temperature meters 17 and 18 to indicating devices sho-wn in Fig. 5 as dials 17a and 18a. '13 is a tank of liquid.

Referring to Figs. 5, 6 and 7, 5El designates a core of laminated soft iron with primary energizing windings 1, 1, and masses or discs (3 of carbon, located on the central member bof the core, preferably with an interposed insulation 6a of heat resistant material such as porcelain, lava or mica. The member 5* :extends across a vertical metal enclosed chamber 13a which may be either a pipe containing the material to be heated, or a tubular enclosure within a main tank. In either case the most efficient heating o-peration may be attained by providing for free circulation of the material around and past the member 5b and' masses 6 as indicated by the arrows. v

Advantages in the use of this form of unit are that the entire external surface of the carbon mass or masses can be employed as heating surface, that the coils are kept away from the point of development of heat and can be cooled by conduction and radiation. Hence this form of unit is especially useful forl high temperatures and heavy service. For such service, all parts of the unit must be made to withstand temperatures up to approximately 650 C.. and fireproof insulation must be employed throughout.

l claim: y

1. An electrical heater comprising a primary energizing winding, and a short clrcuited secondary of carbon.

2. An electrical heater comprising a primary energizing winding, and a short circuited secondary of carbon, together with a closed magnetic circuit for said primary and secondary.

3. An electrical heater comprising a primary energizing winding, and a short circuited secondary of carbon. together with a closed magnetic circuit for said primary and secondary, the mass of material constituting the secondary of the transformer having exposed surfaces for conducting away the heat generated in the mass.

4. An'electrical heater comprising a core, a mass of carbon surrounding a portion of the col'e and forming av closed'secondary conductor, and an energizing Windinzgr sm'- lonnding a portion of said Core.

5. A self-contained heating unit comprising a closed magnetic circuit with an energizing Winding and a, resistance element directly related to each other and vto said magnetic Circuit as primary and secondary, respectively, said resistance element being provided with radiating flanges lying in the di- 10 rect-ion of current loW therein.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

EDWARD E. CLEMENT. 

